In photodynamic therapy, a patient with malignant cancer has a fiber optic light either inserted into, or placed just outside their body. This light emits visible wavelengths. It reacts with photosensitizer molecules (photodynamic drugs), provides energy to oxygen in the microenvironment, which, in turn, generates non-toxic singlet oxygen species to shrink or kill the tumor.
Singlet oxygen species are chemically reactive chemical varieties containing oxygen.
Also known as light therapy, photodynamic therapy is a treatment for cancers that are near the surface of a body’s tissue, where the light can act on the chemical substances.
It is not like radiation therapy, which uses radicals and a toxic light source. Nor does it cause systematic side effects like chemotherapy. The light and molecules photodynamic therapy uses are non-toxic and benign.